A Facile Access to Some New Pyrazole, 1,3,4-Thiadiazole,and Thiophene Derivatives via β-Ketosulfones

3-Bromoacetyl-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (1) reacts with sodium benzenesulfinate to give the corresponding ketosulfone 2. Treatment of 2 with hydrazonoyl chlorides 3a,b gives the 3,3′-bipyrazoles 5a,b. Ketosulfone 2 reacts also with arylidenemalononitriles to give the pyrazolylpyridones 10a,b. The reaction of compound 2 with phenylisothiocyanate and potassium hydroxide and treating intermediate with hydrazonoyl halides and with α-haloketones gives the 1,3,4-thiadiazoles 18a–c and thiophenes 21a–f, respectively.     

Electrodeposition of Copper in Presence of Carbohydrates

The rates of electrodeposition of copper plates were determined by measuring cathodic limiting current in the absence and in the presence of carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, mannose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose). It is found that the rate of electrodeposition decreases in the presence of organic additives by an amount ranging from 1.89% to 35.85%, and depending on the types of additives and its concentrations. Our investigation of adsorption isotherm indicates that the inhibition fits both the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and Flory-Huggins adsorption isotherm; we found that the rate of electrodeposition decreases by increasing height and increasing CuSO₄ concentrations. Thermodynamic parameters are given and show that electrodeposition process is diffusion controlled. The rate of deposition and its equations are represented:

• Sh = 0.099Re^0.715 Sc^0.33 for glucose with average deviation: ±0.158%

• Sh = 0.097Re^0.715 Sc^0.33 for fructose with average deviation: ±0.058%

• Sh = 0.099Re^0.715 Sc^0.33 for mannose with average deviation: ±0.108%

• Sh = 0.098Re^0.713 Sc^0.33 for sucrose with average deviation: ±0.003%

• Sh = 0.099Re^0.714 Sc^0.33 for lactose with average deviation: ±0.018%

• Sh = 0.099Re^0.713 Sc^0.33 for maltose with average deviation: ±0.097%.

     

Essential Self-adjointness for Combinatorial Schrödinger Operators II-Metrically non Complete Graphs

We consider weighted graphs, we equip them with a metric structure given by a weighted distance, and we discuss essential self-adjointness for weighted graph Laplacians and Schrödinger operators in the metrically non complete case.     

Stable Fano-like plasmonic resonance: its impact on the reversal of far-and near-field optical binding force

Even for a 100 nm interparticle distance or a small change in particle shape,optical Fano-like plasmonic resonance mode usually vanishes completely.It would be remarkable if stable Fano-like resonance could somehow be achieved in distinctly shaped nanoparticles for more than 1μm interparticle distance,which corresponds to the far electromagnetic field region.If such far-field Fano-like plasmonic resonance can be achieved,controlling the reversal of the far-field binding force can be attained,like the currently reported reversals for near-field cases.In this work,we have proposed an optical set-up to achieve such a robust and stable Fano-like plasmonic resonance,and comparatively studied its remarkable impact on controlling the reversal of near-and far-field optical binding forces.In our proposed set-up,the distinctly shaped plasmonic tetramers are half immersed(i.e.air-benzene)in an inhomogeneous dielectric interface and illuminated by?circular?polarized light.We have demonstrated significant differences between near-and far-field optical binding forces along with the Lorentz force field,which partially depends on the object’s shape.A clear connection is shown between the far-field binding force and the resonant modes,along with a generic mechanism to achieve controllable Fano-like plasmonic resonance and the reversal of the optical binding force in both far-and near-field configurations.     

Removal of cobalt(II) from aqueous solution by spent green tealeaves

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The removal of Co2+ in aqueous solution by spent green tealeaves (SGTL) was studied in batch conditions. The bio-sorbent was characterized by the...     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Pyrazolo[5,1-b]thiazole Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents

The pharmacological activities of thiazole and pyrazole moieties as antimicrobial and anticancer agents have been thoroughly described in many literature reviews. In this study, a convenient synthesis of novel pyrazolo[5,1-b]thiazole-based heterocycles was carried out. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Some selected examples were screened and evaluated for their antimicrobial and anticancer activities and showed promising results. These products could serve as leading compounds in the future design of new drug molecules.     

Magneto-Priming Improved Nutraceutical Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of Momordica charantia L. Without Affecting Nutritive Value

The need for some economic strategies for increased growth and nutraceuticals of medicinal plants is well acknowledged now. It was hypothesized that external magnetic field treatment (MFT) of seeds affecting internal magnet of cells may affect growth and metabolism. In this study, seeds were subjected to pre-sowing magnetic field (50 mT at 5 mm for 5 s). At vegetative stage, the leaf growth, chlorophyll content, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), amino acids, proteins, flavonoids, soluble sugars, total soluble phenolics, carotenoids, anthocyanins, phenolic profile (HPLC based), and antimicrobial activity of leaves (in terms of the minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were studied. Yield was evaluated for nutritive components in fruit (peel+pulp) and peel. MFT improved germination percentage, growth, leaf chlorophyll, antimicrobial activity, peel amino acids, phenolics, and POD with negligible effect on fruit nutritive value. Moreover, photosynthetic pigments and cinnamic acid exhibited direct correlation with antimicrobial potential against both pathogens. However, sinapic acid showed positive correlation against Staphylococcus aureus only. Cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, syringic acid, and quercetin were in direct correlation against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; it was directly correlated with total flavonoids too. In conclusion, magnetic field can be used to manipulate plant cell metabolism promising improvement of growth, antimicrobial activity, and phenolics of interest.

     

Value-at-Risk with quantile regression neural network: New evidence from internet finance firms

Traditional risk measurements have proven inadequate in capturing tail risk and nonlinear correlation. This study proposes a novel approach to measure financial risk in the Internet finance industry: a new Value-at-Risk (VaR) measurement based on quantile regression neural network (QRNN). Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) is utilized to optimize the QRNN model, which improves the model's performance in predicting internet finance risk. By comparing the TGARCH-VaR and QR-VaR approaches, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of the QRNN-VaR approach and its potential to improve the accuracy of risk prediction in the Internet finance industry. This study further examines and compares the risks between the traditional and internet finance industries. It also considers the unique impact of COVID-19 on industry risk based on statistical testing for differences and machine learning models. Our results indicate that the level of risk in the Internet finance industry is higher than in the traditional finance industry. Moreover, COVID-19 has contributed to increased risk within the Internet finance industry. These findings have significant implications for investors and policymakers seeking to better understand and manage risks within the Internet finance industry, particularly in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.     

Bioflavonoid-Induced Apoptosis and DNA Damage in Amastigotes and Promastigotes of Leishmania donovani: Deciphering the Mode of Action

Natural products from plants contain many interesting biomolecules. Among them, quercetin (Q), gallic acid (GA), and rutin (R) all have well-reported antileishmanial activity; however, their exact mechanisms of action are still not known. The current study is a step forward towards unveil the possible modes of action of these compounds against Leishmania donovani (the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis). The selected compounds were checked for their mechanisms of action against L. donovani using different biological assays including apoptosis and necrosis evaluation, effects on genetic material (DNA), quantitative testing of nitric oxide production, ultrastructural modification via transmission electron microscopy, and real-time PCR analysis. The results confirmed that these compounds are active against L. donovani, with IC₅₀ values of 84.65 µg/mL, 86 µg/mL, and 98 µg/mL for Q, GA, and R, respectively. These compounds increased nitric oxide production and caused apoptosis and DNA damage, which led to changes in the treated cells’ ultrastructural behavior and finally to the death of L. donovani. These compounds also suppressed essential enzymes like trypanothione reductase and trypanothione synthetase, which are critical for leishmanial survival. The selected compounds have high antileishmanial potentials, and thus in-vivo testing and further screening are highly recommended.     

Recent advances in sodium alginate-based membranes for dehydration of aqueous ethanol through pervaporation

Sodium alginate (SA) is a progressive material for membrane fabrication. The technological development of SA-based membranes has made a significant contribution to the separation techniques, especially in aqueous organic solutions. The outstanding performance of SA is attributed to its outstanding structural flexibility and hydrophilicity. In view of structural characteristics, SA membranes have immense utilization in the pervaporation separation of organics. Among various organics, dehydration of aqueous ethanol is employed as a standard to check the success of pervaporation (PV) membrane. Because ethanol and water have comparable molecular sizes, thus difficult to extract water from aqueous ethanol mixtures than it is for other organics. A literature survey shows that wide-ranging data are available on the PV performance of SA and its modified membranes. In this context, the present review addresses the recent advances made in SA membranes for enhanced ethanol dehydration performance during the last decade. Available data since 2010 has been compiled for grafted, crosslinked, blend, mixed matrix, and composite hybrid sodium alginate membranes in terms of separation factor, permeation flux, and pervaporation separation index PSI. The data are assessed with reference to the effect of feed composition, membrane selectivity, flux, and swelling behavior.